ERIC ED102345: Characteristics of Women in the Air Force 1970 Through 1973.

DOCOHENT BESOMS

SD 102 345 CB 003 046

AUTHOR
TITLE

1»ST1T0T1'>N

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PUB DATE
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DESCRIPTORS

Vitola, Bart N.; And others

Characteristics of Honen in the Air Force 1970
Through 1973,

Air Force Huian Resources Lab,, Lackland AFB, Tex,

Personnel Research Di7.

AFHRL"TR-7a-59

Jul 74

17p,

MF-S0,76 HC-$1,58 PLUS POSTAGE

Aptitude; '^Coiparative Analysis; ♦Feaales; ♦Hales;

♦Military Personnel; Racial Distribution; Sex

Differences

ABSTRACT

Data were coll<4cted fro« the Air Training Coimand
personnel processing files on non-prior-service accessions for lale
and feaale basic trainees entering tho Air Force daring the years
1970 through 1973. Data included age, Airian Qualifying Exaiination
(AQE) aptitude indexes, years of education, race, and geographic area
of enlistDent. Tables show ACjE aptitude index Beans and standard
deviations by sex and ye9.T o^ enlistnent; percentage by sex i!t score
range on AQE coipositei; and at each index; nuiber and percentage by
sex for educational level and for racial subgroup; and racial
coaposition by geographic area of enlistment, conclusions, based on
the data, were that: (1) using 1970 as a coaparative base the 1973
aptitude indexes declined less sharply for feiales than aales and two
indexes (Mechanical and Electronics) were higher for fenales in 1973
than in 1970; (2) the educational level of feaales has risen, that
for males has declined; (3) racial nix is the saae for tales and
feaales oMt recruitment of black fenales varies considerably anong
recruiting areas; and (4) younger fenales tend to have relatively
lower aptitude scores. (SA)

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AFHRLTR-74-S9

CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN IN THE AIR FORCE
1970 THROUGH 1973

By

BartM.Vi|ola
CKlN.Mulllns
Joiaph L.WMki,S8t..USAF

PERSONNEL RESEARCH DIVISION
Uckland Air Font Bait, Jmm 76238

July 1974

Approved for pubHc releaw: disuibution unlimited.

LABORATORY

AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND

BROOKS AIR FORCE BASEJEXAS 78235

3

5-.

NOTICE

When US Government drawings, specifications, or other data are used
for any purpose other than a definitely related Government
procurement operation, the Government thereby incurs no
lesponsibiiity nor any obligation whatsoever, and the fact that the
Government may have formulated, furnished, or in any wey supplied
the said drawings, specifications, or other data is not to be regarded by
implication or otherwise, as in any manner licensing the holder or any
other person or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission to
manufacture, use, or sell any patented invention that may in any way
be related thereto.

This report was submitted by Personnel Research Division, Air Force
Human Resources Laboutocy, Lacichnd Air Force Base, Texas 78236,
under project 7719, wiUi Hq Air FoivC Human Resources Laborrtory
(AFSC), Brooks Air Force Base, Texas 78235.

This report has been reviewed and cleared for open publication and/or
public release by the appropriate Office of Infonnation (01) in
accordance with APR !90-17 and DoDD S230.9. There is no objection
to unlimited distribution of this report to the public at large, or by
DDC to the National Technical Information Service (NTIS).

This technical report has been reviewed and is approved.

LELAND D. BROKAW, Chief
Personnel Research Division

Approved for publication.

HAROLD E. FISCMER. Colonel, USAF
Commander

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3

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BEFORE COMPLETING FORM

«. REPONT NUMSEN 2. OOVT ACCESSION NO.
AFHRL.TR-74.59

1. REClf»lENT*S CATALOG NUMftER

CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN IN THE AIR
FORCE 1970 THROUGH 1973

S. TYRE OF REPORT A PERIOD COVERED

S. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTKORf*>

Bart Vitola
Cecil j.MuIlins
Joseph L. Weeks

a. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERf*^

9. PCRrORMINC ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADQf^CSS

Personnel Research Divisfon

Air Force Human Resources Laboratory

Lackland Air Force Base* Texas 78236

10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK
AREA A WORK UNIT NUMBERS

77191602

n. CONTROtLiNC OrPlCE NAMC AND ADDRESS

Hq Air Force Human Resources Laboratoiy (AFSC)
Brooks Air Force Base. Texas 78235

12. REPORT DATE

July 1974

1|. NUMBER 0«^ PAGES

18

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17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of ihm mbmtrmct mntmr^d In Block JO, it dittmfoni /rom iimpott)

It. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

ia. KEY WORDS (C0n*fnum on tm^mtmm •id* #1 nMcmmmmfy and Identify by Mock nutnt^e)

WAF assignment high-aptitude personnel

WAF performance racial subgroups

aptitudef education levds

male*fema]e performance age groups
geographic areas of enlistment

so. ABSTRACT (ConUnu^ on r«v«r«« Bfdo U nocoB&mfy mnd Identify ^y block number)

The total input of WAF enlistees for 1970 through 1973 (N*20588) were compared with male enlistees for
the same period (N«324,935). WAF AQE-A and AQE<; scores in 1973 have dropped less than those for males
relative to 1970. WAF AQE-M and AQE-E scores in 1973 were hif^er than they were in 1970, whereas similar scores
for males have declined dightly. Educational level for males has declined in the years 1970-1973, whereas, for WAF,
it has climbed somewhat. Racial mix for females is ab(H)t the same as for males, but the contribution by the various
recruiting areas to the total number of Black women in the Air Force varies considerably from area to area. As with
males, the younger females tend to have lower aptitude scores.

Unclassified

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction 3

II. Method 3

ill. Results and Discussion 3

IV. Conclusions ®

References '

AppenJU A: Racial Subpoup Distributions fot 1970 Through 1973 Female Enlistees
by Selection Test Measure , Educational Levd , Age, and Enlistment Region 11

UST OF TABLES

1 AQE Aptitude Index Means and Standard Deviations for Air Force

Enlistees (1970 througii 1973)

2 Percent ot Enlistees Qualified at Three Aptitude Index Cut-Off Scores

(1970 through 1973) S

3 Percentageof 1970 TTirough 1973 Male and Female Enlistees With Veiy High AQE Scores . . 5

4 Distribution of Educational Levels for 1 970 Through 1 973 Male and Female

Air Force Enlistees 6

5 Distribution of 1970 Throu^ 1973 Male and Female Enlistees by Racial Subgroup 6

6 WAFRacialCompositicnbyGftographic Area of Enlistment (1973) 7

7 AQE Aptitude Indexes by Age Group for 1973 Male and Female Enlistees 8

Al Average AQE ApUtude Indexes for 1 970 Through 1 973 Female Air Force

En' 'ees by Racial Subgroup 11

A2 Cumulative Percentages of AQE Aptitude Indexes for 1970 T! rough 1973 Female

Air Force Enlistees by Racial Subgroup 11

A3 Percentage of 1970 Through 1973 Female Enlistees by Racial Subgroup

rtth Very High AQE Scores 12

A4 Distribution of Education Level for 1970 *1irough 1973 Female Air

Force Enlistees by Racial Subgroup 12

A5 AQE ApUtude Indexes by Age and Racial Subgroup for 1970 Female Air Force Enlistees ... 12

A6 AQE Aptitude Indexes by Age and Racial Subgroup for 1971 Female Air Force Enlistees ... 13

A7 AQE Aptitude Indexes by Age and Racial Subgroup for 1972 Female Air Force Enlistees ... 14

AS AQE Aptitude Indexes by Age and Racial Subgroup for 1973 Female Air Force Enlistees ... 14

A9 Mean WAF Scores on AQE Aptitude Composites for Racial Subgroups

and Total Sample by Enlistment Region, 1973 15

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CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN IN THE AIR FORCE
1970 THROUGH 1973

L INTRODUCnON

In January, 1973, the Secretary of Defense
announced the termination of the draft and the
end of conscription in the Armed Services under
the Selective Service Draft Lottery System.
Although the Air Force had previously relied on
voluntary enlistments to maintain its force
stftngth, it was always recognized that a major
pprtion of flrst-term airmen were motivated to
enlist by the prospect cf being drafted.

In the 1970 through 1972 time period, studies
were done to predict the quali^ of an all^
volunteer force* One of the conclusions of the
studies indicated the desirabOity of considering
expanded utilization of Women in the Air Force
(WAP). A search of the literature rebting to WAF
characteristics revealed that, while some effort had
been made to determine the characteristics of
first-term WAF, the effort was much less
concentrated than that expended in the deter-
mination of the qualities of first-term male
enlistees. This was probably because WAF enlistees
constituted a sm^ percentage of yeariy acces*
sions. One of the first studies in the WAF area was
conducted byMcReynoIdsin 19S6. She developed
the Armed Forces Women's Selection Test
(AFWST) whose characteristics were more
appropriate for women than the Aimed Forces
Qualification Test (AFQT) which, at the time, was
being used to screen women desiring to enlist in
the Air Force. In that same year Berkeley and
Brokaw (19S6) surveyed a sample of WAF to
determine their attitudes about enlistment, job
satisfaction, and satisfaction with Air Force life hi
general. Elliott (1960) reported that test per-
formance of the incoming WAF population
compared favorably with test performance of the
non^nlistee female population. Lecznar (196S)
compared test performance of 1962 male and
female enlistees on the four aptitude composites
of the Airman Qualifying Examination (AQE).
Tupes (196S) presented AQE normative data for
n^ionwide groups of 12 th grade girls by region of
the countiy. type of high school curriculum, and
size of city within each region. Vitola and
Wilboum (1971) compared male and female
performance on Air Force selection measures and
Vitola, MuUins, Williams, and Iifichelson (1974)
sampled the attitudes of 1973 WAF enlistees.

Vitola, MuUins, and Brokaw (1974) established
a data base on 1970 through 1972 male accessions;
calendar year 1973 Air Force accessions were
compared with this base. This report presents data
on the 1970 through 1972 WAF accessions and
provides yecr-by-year comparisons across the
dimensions cf aptitude, age, education, race, and
region of enlistment; calendar year 1973 WAF
accessions were compared with this base. Fuither,
comparison of male and female characteristics for
the entire four^year time period (1970 through
1973) are made.

IL METHOD

Data were collected on female, non-prior-
ervice basic trainees who entered the Air Force in
calendar year 1970 (N«4,238), 1971 (N«4371)»
1972 (N««4,688), and 1973 (N«7,69I). Source of
the data wa.'^ the Air Training Command personnel
processing files on non^prfor-service accessions.
Data on the enlistees included day, month, and
year of birth, AQE aptitude Indexes, years of
education completed, race, and geographic area of
enlistment. No Officer Training School '^holds''
were included.

Means and standard deviations for the four
yeady groups were obtained on the four AQE
composites* Score distributions for accessions ifk
each year were (Stained for each of four levels of
education; 16 or more years of schooling
completed, 13 throu^ IS years, 12 yeais,and 11
or less. It is noted that in the past, prerequisite for
WAF enlistment was completion of hi^ school.
However, a policy change in October 1973
pit>vkied for WAF enlistments with less than 12
years of completed education. Each yearly group
was divided into Black and non-Black racial sub*
groups. Various comparisons were made between
these groups on selection test dimensions,
education, age, and geographic area of enlistment.
Male data used in male-female comparisons were
obtained from the X^tola, MuUins, and Brokaw
(1974) study.

DL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

During the data collection period all potential
enlistees, both male and female, were required ^o

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qualify on the AQE. This test yields four aptitude
composites: Mechanical, Administraiive, General,
and Electronics. Separate fivc-centOe interval
indexes (01 , OS, 10, ... 95) arc developed so that
S percent of the normative sample falls within
each of the 20 intervals of the scale. Tables 1,2,
and 3 show AQE data for 1970 through 2973
enlistees. Further information by racial subgroup
for 1970 through 1973 enlistees may be found in
Appendix A (Tables Al through A8).

Table 1 data indicate average performance on
the AQE aptitude indexes. While mean AQE scores

of males were lower in 1973 than tlicy were in
1970 on all indexes, this phenomenon obtained on
only two of the indexes (General and Administra-
tive) for females. The other two WAF indexes
(Mechanical and Electronic) were higher in 1973
than in 1970.

Compared with 1972, the 1973 Mechanical and
Electronic aptitude indexes increased for both
mates and females, while Administrative and
General declined.

Table L AQE Aptitude Index Means tnd Stattdsnl Deviattons for Air
Force Enlistees (1970 through 1973)

Aptltutf*
Comwoilli

Mmr and SD on s«Mtlon MMttur*

1t70

1t7t

SO

tfTS

SD

M«an

SD

SD

Mtles

58.3

21.2

58.9

20.5

59.7

20.4

57.9

22.0

56.5

20.9

S2J

20.1

62.4

19.2

61.7

18.5

58.9

18.6

60.8

22.2

60.7

20.5

61.6

19.6

AQE-Mcchanicttl 61.4 21.2

AQE*Administrativc 61.6 22 J

AQ&General 6S3 19,9

AQE*EIectronic$ 64.2 22.2

AQE-Mechanical 33.4 18.9

AQE* Administrative 70.1 13 J

AQE-GctK^ral 69.8 12 J8

AQE-EIectronics SO.6 18.4

Females

32,9
68.9
68.7
S0.0

19.1

35.9

18.9

39.4

19.1

13.8

683

13.6

64.4

12.9

68.7

12.8

64.9

15.4

18.6

51.9

17.9

52. 9

18.9

Table 2 reveals quite different trends for males
and females at different AQE levels across the four
years studied. The percentage of males who scored
80 and above on the Mcclianical and Electronics
composite has dropped a little and the percentage
of females has climbed a tittle. At the same
interval on the Administrative and General
composites, female performance has dropped
sharply , but male performance has dropped eVen
more sharply. At 40 and above, females have risen
sharply on the Mechanical composite, and males
have dropped sliarply on Admiriistrative. No other
large changes are observable at this interval for any
of the composites.

Table 3 is a male- female comparison of the
highest four score intervals (80, 85, 90, and 95) on
each of the four composites for 1970 through
1973. rhese higit score comparisons indicate

substantial superiority of males In the MechanlcaJ
and Electronics areas, and of females in the
General and Administrative areas.

Table 4 indicates educational level patterns for
female accessions relative to males across the four
years, 1970 through 1973. The percentage of males
with 16 or more years of education has declined
from 6 percent in 1970 to 1 percent in 1973,
while the pcicentage of females with 16 or more
years has risen from 0 percent to 2 percent.
SimUarly, males at 13 through 15 years of
education have declined from 12 percent to 6
percent, while females have increased from 5
percent to 8 petctnt. The percentage of females
with more than a hl^ school education has
increased from less than one-third that of males in
1970 to higher tlian that of males in 1973.

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Table 2 Percent of Enlistees QiuUfied it Thi^* /.ptitude Index
Cutoff Scoits( 1970 tliroug^ 1973)

iHfe«ntif • l>y In Scor« lUnt*
on AQt Compailttf

It70 It7l im li?)

AQC ■ ■ ■ " '^ " ' - ■■ — ■ ' ■ ' ■ ■ ■ ' ■ ■

AptrtJdi* Mt?« Femif« Mtit Ftmeire Malt Ftmaio Mate Fcmata

Mecbinkal Composite

80 and above

25

I

21 1

23

2

23

3

60 and above

55

to

51 10

56

12

54

17

40 and above

86

40

83 39

86

45

87

53

dative Compoiite

80 and above

26

32

28

18

27

12

21

60 and above

57

82

52 83

50

83

53

70

40 and above

85

99

82 99

81

99

75

96

GeiKrnl Composite

80 and abovt

30

31

26 28

23

27

19

23

60 and above

74

84

61 84

58

85

51

72

40 and above

90

99

91 99

92

99

91

98

Electronics Composite

80 and above

33

9

30 9

30

10

27

12

60 and above

58

36

55 34

54

37

55

39

40 and above

86

78

84 77

85

81

90

80

Table 3. Percenta&e of 1970 Througb 1973 Male and Female Enl^eet
With Veiy High AQEScoitfl

Mre*Rt Scorlnj it i£teN Aptitude Index

1*70

ItTf

t97i

tt7a

IihMr

MaM

HUM

MAI*

CtfftM*

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

Mechanical Composite

95

4

0

4

0

4

0

5

0

90

8

0

6

0

7

0

6

0

85

7

0

6

c

7

1

7

1

80

6

1

5

1

5

1

5

2

Total

25

I

21

i

23

2

23

3

Adnuniitrative Composite

95

6

6

6

4

5

3

S

90

*^

6

4

5

3

4

2

4

S5

7

9

5

7

6

8

3

6

80

7

11

7

10

5

10

4

6

Total

26

32

22

28

General Composite

18

27

12

21

95

8

4

5

3

4

4

5

6

90

6

4

4

4

4

4

3

4

85

•

n

8

9

7

8

4

5

80

8

12

9

12

8

11

7

8

Total

30

31

26

28

23

27

19

23

Electronics Composite

95

12

0

9

1

8

1

5

5

90

6

1

5

1

6

2

6

4

85

7

3

6

2

6

3

7

2

30

8

5

10

5

10

4

9

1

12

Total

33

9

30

9

30

10

27

5

8

Table 4. Diitrtlmtioii of Educatioiul Uvd* for 1970 Through 1973
Mate tod Female Air Force Enlistees

Ymn

Number ind Nfcml for Eduatlioiwl

1t70

N

N

%

N

%

N

Maies

1 6 or more

4,564

6

3351

3

1,573

2

I

13-IS

8,450

12

a w

8,977

9

8,093

10

A mi

o

12

52,807

73

70373

71

60,967

75

58.742

82

11 orles

6,726

9

16362

17

10.928

13

n

Total

72,547

100

99.063

100

81,563

100

71,762

100

Females

16 or more

6

0

20

0

64

1

177

2

13-15

211

5

261

6

371

8

633

8

12

4.014

95

4,083

94

4,246

91

6«B68

90

1 1 or less

7

0

7

0

7

0

13

0

Total

4,238

100

4371

100

4,688

100

7.691

100

Table 5 shows the distribution of male and
female enlistees by racial subgroup for 1970
through 1973. The percentages are fairly
consistent acros years, with parallel trends
apparent.

A strong effort has been made to provide
expanded opportunity for minority groups, and
for women. Table 6 dis{dayfi percentages of Black,
non>BIack, and Total wAF enlistments by
geograhic area in 1973. The geographk: areas are
designated as foQows:

Table 5. DistributioD of 1970 Through 1973 Male and Female
Enlistees by Racial Subgroup

NumMr and Nrecitt for RaciH £ubfroup«

VMri of

blaek

NOR>aiMl

k

ComMnad QiroHM
N

Enllttmcnt

N

%

N

Males

1970
1971

1972
1973

10,221

15.679
10.475
10,985

14
16
13
IS

62326
83384
71,088
60,7/7

86
84

87
85

72347
99,063
81363
71,762

Total

47360

13

277.575
Females

85

324^35

1970
1971
1972
1973

594
740
629
1.196

14
17
13
16

3.644
3,631
4,059
6.495

86
83
87
84

4.238
4371
4.688
7.691

Total

3,159

15

17.829

85

20.988

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Aim I. Maine» New Himpihire, Vemwnt.
Mtistcbuiettt» Coanecticut, Rhode
tiltnd» New Yoik.

Aim 2. New Jeriey. Pennsylvania, Ddawaie,
Muyluid, West Vkginii, Vi»-ginia, District
of Columbia.

Area 3. Noith Carolina, South Carolina, Geoigia,
Florida, Akbama, Missitsin>i, Tennessee.

Area 4. Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, New
Mexico, Texu, Arizona.

A:ea5. Ohio, Indiana. Michigan, Illinois,
Kentudcy.

Area 6. Washington, Oregon, California. Nevada,
Idaho, Montana, Utah, Alaska. Hawaii.

Area 7. Missouri, lo'wa. Minnesota, North Dakota,
South Dakota, Kansas, Nebraska,

Colorado, Wyoming, Wisconsin.

Areas. Other than Aieu I through 7.

Esch area (1 through 7) corresponds to
an Air Force recruiting ^up area.

Table 6. WAF Racial COmpoiitk>a by Geographic Ana of Enlistment

(1973)

_ . Raw CalutM How Caiumn Row Cslunii

1. ME,NH,VT,MA,RI,NY,CT

2. Nl, PA, DE, MD, W, VA, DC

3. NC,SC,GA,FL,AL,MS.TN

4. AR,LA,OK,NM,TX,AZ

5. OH. IN, MI, IL,KY

6. WA, OR, CA, NV, ID, MT. UT, AL, HI

7. MO. lA, MN, ND, SD, KS, NE, CO, WY. WI

8. Other

Total

109

11

9

880

89

14

989 100

13

212

20

18

828

80

13

Ijm 100

14

359

29

30

897

71

14

1,256 100

16

203

21

17

772

79

12

975 100

13

191

14

16

1,204

86

19

1395 100

18

77

7

6

1,065

93

16

1.142 100

15

45

5

4

838

95

13

883 100

11

0

0

0

11

100

0

11 100

0

1,196

16

100

6,495

84

lOl*

7,691 IQO

100

^Bxceeda lOQ^ beetuse of rounding.

The row percenttget in Table 6 indlette the
mix of Black and non-Btack female enlistees from
the given areas and the column percentages
indicate the proportions of enlistees from the
various areas comprising the Black (and the
non^Black and Total) samples. For example, 29
percent of the female enlistees from Aiea 3 are
Black, whereas only S percent of those from Area
7 are Black. Of aQ female Black enlistees, 30 per*
cent come from Area 3 and only 4 pendent from
Area 7. There are consklerable disproportions in
both row and cotunrn percentages for Blacks.

Assuming that vigorous efforts to recruit
minority group members will continue, Table A9
(in the Appendix) was prepared to show regional
differences in AQE means for Blacks and
non-Blacks separately.

Tabce 7 distributes mean aptitude scores across
intervals of age at enlistment, for males and
females separately. For both male and fonale
accessions, there is a strong trend for mean AQE
aptitude indexes to increase with age.

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Table 7. AQE Aptitucb^ Indexes by Age Group for 1973
MbIc and Fenvilt Enlisteet

tor MMti ftRd r«iniMit

Of

N

Mtcti
Mmr

QtR

MMn

M«ch

Atfmin
MMn

Gtn
Mmr

17

2,763

55.3

46.8

54.9

58.5

18

20,760

59.1

50.1

57.4

60.6

1,541

38.1

63.1

63.6

51.2

19

20.493

59.2

50.8

58.2

61.6

2,162

39.1

63.7

63.9

52.1

20

13.404

59.8

52J

58.8

61S

1344

39.6

63.9

64.1

53.4

21

6,567

60.4

553

60.1

63.0

863

39.9

65 .7

66.1

54.2

22

3,623

61.7

58.6

63.1

64.8

584

403

66.2

66.8

53.9

23

1,964

64.0

62.5

66J

67..i

405

40.S

66.8

66.9

53 ii

24+

2,188

63.0

62.1

65.1

66.6

792

41.9

68.0

68.2

553

Total

71,762

59.7

52J

58.9

61.6

7,691

39.4

64.4

64.9

52.9

IV. CONCLUSIONS

The puiposc of this study was to describe WAF
enlistees for 1970 through 1973. and to compare
them with male eiUistees for the same period.

The results of this study lead to the following
conclusions:

(a) Overall, using 1970 as a comparative base,
the 1973 WAF aptitude indexes declined less
sharply than did those of their male contempor-
aries. In fact, two of the WAF indexes. Mechanical
and Bectronics. were higher in 1973 than in 1970.

(b) Whereas educational level of male acccs>
sions has declined in the years 1970 through 1973,
it has climbed somewhat for WAF.

(c) Racial mix for females is about the same as
for males, but recniitment of Black females varies
considerably among recruiting areas.

(d) Younger females tend to have relatively
lower aptitude scores.

ERIC

8

11

REFERENCtSS

Betkeley, M.H., & Brokaw, L.D. Stability of WAF
attiiudet as measured by attitude mrvey Be-
CE50IGJL AFPTROTN-S6-72. Ucklwtd AFB,
Tex.: Air Force Personnel and Training
Research Center, June 1956.

Elliot, L.L. WAF perfomutnce on the CatifGmia
Psychological Inventory. WADD-TN-60-218,
AD-246 941. Lackbnd AFB, Tex.: Personnd
Laboratory, Wright Air Development Division,
September I960.

Lecznar, W.B. Performance on Airman Qualify;ing
Examination by regional ereas and by sex.
PRL^TR^S^. AD^17 335. Lackland AFB,
Tex.: Personnel Research Laboratory. Aero-
space Medkal Divisk>n, April 1965.

McReynoUa, J. Mental qwdifkation tests for
women of the Armed Forces. AFPTRGTN-
56-87. Lackland AFB. Tex.: Air Force
Personnel and Training Research Center. June
1956.

Tupea, E.C. AQE nomu for high school seniors
and Air Force training groups. PRL-TR-6S I0,
AD-619 346. Lackland AFB, Tex.: Personnel
Research Laboratoiy, Aerospace Medical
Division, May 1965.

Vitota, BJI.. Mutlina, CJ.. &. Biokaw, LJ>.

Quality of the atl vokmteer Air Force- 1973.
AFHRL-TR-74-3S. ADOOO 000. Lackland
AFB. Tex.: Personnd Research Division. Air
Force Human Resource Ltboratciy, April
1974.

Vitola, B.M., MuOiss, CJ., WiOknvi. J D.. &
MidM^a, A.E. Preliminary evahmrion of the
effectiveness of Air Fotce advertiu'ng. AFHRL-
TR.73-62, AD.775 049. Uckland AFB, Tex.:
Personnel Research Division. Air FotcA Human
Resources Laboratoiy. January 1974.

Vitola, BJf., & WatHNun, SM. Q>mpcmive
performance of male and female enlistees on
Air Force selection tneasures. AFHRL-TR-71 -9,
AF-726 531. Lackland AFB. Tex,: Personnel
Research Division, Air Force Humau Resources
Laboratory, February 1971.

ERIC

9

US

APPENDIX A: RACIAL SUBGROUP DISTRIBUTIONS FOR 1970 THROUGH 1973
FEMALE ENUSTEES BY SELECTION TEST MEASURE. EDUCATIONAL
LEVEL, AGE. AND ENLISTMENT REGION

Table Al. Average AQE Aptitude indexes for 1970 Through 1973 Female
Air Force Enliiteet by Racial Subgroup

At>tttu««
CompMit*

MMit and SO on StMctlon MMtura

1170

ia7i

lava

so

Mmk

so

so

so

Black

AQE-Mechanical

2S.8

17.0

263

16.7

28.9

16.5

31.6

17.9

AQE-Administrative

65^

12.1

63.4

11.7

62.9

11.8

59.1

ISA

AQE-General

642

11.5

62.:

10.6

62.7

10.9

573

13.7

AQE-Qectronics

42.1

17.2

403

16A

41.9

i59

42.1

17.1

NoQ«BIack

AQE-Mechanical

34.2

19.1

34J

193

37.1

18.9

40.9

185

AQE-AdnUnistrative

70.9

13.8

69.9

13.9

693

13.7

65.4

15.9

AQE^eneral

70.7

12.7

70.1

12.8

69.6

lis

66.4

153

AQE-EIectronics

51.9

18.2

51.9

18.5

53/4

J7.8

549

18^

Table A2. Cumulative Percentage)! of AQE Aptitude Indexes for 1970 Through 1973
Female Air Force Enlistees by Raciai Subgroup

' ^oantaii* by RaelAl Subgroup In Sect*
Ranff* on AQE CompotKa

1t7t

i»7a

is7a

Aptttuda

Mack

NoR'Waek

•tack Hon-miack

Mack

NoR4Uaek

■«a«k

Non-Staek

iRdaik

%

%

% %

%

Mechanical Comp<»ite

80 and above

0

2

0 2

0

2

I

3

60 and above

3

11

3 10

4

14

8

19

40 and above

31

41

26 42

30

47

36

56

Administrative Compofite

80 and above

17

35

12 32

n

29

11

23

60 and above

76

83

75 84

77

84

60

72

40 and above

100

100

99 99

98

99

93

96

General Composite

80 and above

14

34

8 32

10

30

8

25

60 and above

74

85

71 87

75

87

54

75

40 and above

100

100

99 99

100

99

95

98

Electronics Composite

80 and above

2

10

1 10

2

11

3

14

60 and above

19

38

14 39

17

40

17

43

40 and above

63

80

61 80

61

84

63

84

ERLC

11

13

I

TabU A3, Percentage of 1970 Ittrough 1973 F male EoUitees
by Racial Subgroup With Ve»y Higb AQE Scoies

MrotRt of fliclal Subffoup Scortnf
It Each Aptltu(te IrMk CtntH*

Ctntllt

1170

Maek
%

1»7S

•ttek
%

Noa>HMk
%

:.>.tfk
%

tl«n*W«6k

Mack
%

NQn^Mtek

95
90
85
80

Total

95
90
85
80
Total

95
90
85
80

Total

95
90
85
80

Total

0
0
0
0

0

1
4
4

8
17

0
2
4
8
14

0
0
0

2
2

0
0
1
1
2

7
6
10
12
35

4
5
12
13
34

1
1

3

5

10

Mechaoical Compodte

0 0 0

0 6 0

0 1 0

0 I 0

0 2 0

Administrative Composite

1 7 1

2 5 2

4 8 3

5 12 5
12 32 11

General Composite

4 0

5 1
10 3
13 6
32 10

0
0
3
5
8

.5

Etectronica Comp<Mite

2 0

2 1

5 1

10 2

0
0
1
1
2

6
4
8
11
29

4
5
9
12
30

1
2
3
5
11

0
0
0
1
1

2
2
3
4
11

0
1
2
5
8

0
1
1
1
3

0
1
1
1
3

6
6
5
6
23

6
4

6
9

25

1
3
4

6
14

Vcar*

Sctioollttf
Comptttad

16 or more
13-15
12

11 or less
Total

16 ormoie
13-15
12

11 or less
Total

Table A4. Distribution of Education Lewi for 1970 Throi^h 1973
Female Air Force Enlistees by Racial Subgroup

1»70

N

1

13
580
0
594

5

198
3,434

7

3,644

0
2
98

0
100

0
6
94

0
100

NumbarbtMl Ptrcvnt by Racial Subgroup
tor each rducatlon LavH

lari

N

0
26
713
1

740

0
4
96
0

100

Non-Black

20 1

235 6

3370 93

6 0

3,631 100

1f72

N

6
36
586
1

629

1

6
93

0
100

ia7a

15
78
I.IOI
2

1,196

1

7
92

0
100

58

2

162

2

335

8

555

9

3.660

90

5.767

89

6

0

11

0

4,059

100

6,495

100

ERIC

12

14

Table AS. AQE Aptitude Indexes by Age and EUctal Subgroup
for 1970 Fenule Air Fotce Entf^tees

VMn — WowWtck

of Mtoelt

18 135 262

19 223 28.7

20 126 27.1

21 61 32.5

22 27 30.8

23 9 21.2

24 13 27.8

Total 594 2S.8

Admin

MMn

Mean

N

M«eti

Admin
M««n

Gtn
Mm CI

Bt*o
Maan

64.1

61.8

393

1.120

33.2

70-6

69.9

505

65.8

64.6

42.9

1^63

34Si

70.9

70.8

52.8

65.9

64.8

43.2

635

36.0

715

70.8

52.7

65.9

66.4

44.1

308

35J

71.8

713

52i

64.4

66.1

41.7

154

35.9

71.4

732

543

85.6

60.0

43J

70

32.2

725

70.9

503

63.8

623

40.4

90

31.7

73.2

71.9

51.8

65.2

64.2

42.1

3,644

34.2

70.9

70.7

51.9

Table A6. AQE Aptitude Indexes by Age and Radal Subgroup
for 1971 Female Air Force Enlbtees

Numbf ana APUtuda hkIbic by tUclal subgroup

Vaari — — ;:c2 Non-Wick

•* Macb Admin

N Maan Maan

18 117 24.8 62.9

19 261 253 63.2

20 164 262 63.9

21 82 26.4 64.8

22 64 27.5 623

23 23 25.5 65.2
24+ 29 23.8 635

Total 740 263 63.4

Oan
Maan

Bae
Maan

N

Maeb
Maan

Admin
Maan

Gan
Maan

Eiae
Maan

613

40.2

877

33.8

693

693

513

61.8

403

M88

343

69.7

69.7

51.8

623

403

692

35.4

69.9

69.8

52.1

62.9

412

338

353

69.9

70.7

52.6

o3.0

42.9

232

323

71.6

70.9

51.8

63.7

43 S)

139

33.8

723

71.7

51.8

61.7

393

165

343

71.4

72^

52.4

62.1

40.8

3,631

343

69.9

70.1

515

ERIC

Table A7. AQE ApUttule ladexet by Age ind Racial Subyoup
for 1972 Female Air Force Enlktee

Numbar •mi AptltiKl* lntf«M by lUetel Subfvoup

Vwn
of
At*

N

Midi
M«an

Admin

Gmn

N

Wfett

AdmlM

MMN

qm
Mmr

EMC
Mmr

18

129

26.6

61.8

61.4

405

897

36.1

68.6

68.6

523

19

192

27.7

61.7

622

40.9

1,273

36.8

68.8

683

534

20

119

283

62.6

62.9

42.6

737

363

69.1

693

53.0

21

76

29.6

64.5

62.6

42.6

425

37.6

69.7

702

53.8

22

4S

3IJ

65.4

64.1

45.8

280

39.1

70.4

72.1

55.1

23

17

28.9

59.7

62.9

383

166

40.0

70i)

71.8

55 JO

24+

48

29.1

64.5

65.4

422

281

38.6

72.4

723

55.1

Total

629

28.9

62.9

62.7

41.9

4,059

37.1

693

69.6

53.4

Table A& AQE Apti^icte tedexet by Age and lUdal Sitb^
for 1973 Female Air Fotx Enlisteei

VMrt '

of
As*

N

Mean

Admin
MMn

Gen
MMn

Eltc
MMn

N

Moch
Mmr

Aamin
Mmr

Om
Mmh

eiM

Mmr

18

223

30.9

58.6

SS9

40.6

1318

39.2

63.8

64.9

52.9

19

315

313

58.9

56.4

41.7

1,847

39.9

64 jO

65.4

543

20

216

33.9

59.2

57.4

42.6

1,128

413

642

653

55.7

21

140

30.7

59.8

59.1

427

723

42.1

66.9

673

563

22

104

31.4

593

59.4

433

480

42.8

67.4

68.4

553

23

67

26.2

59.2

56.0

38.4

338

432

f^3

69.0

56.7

24+

131

33.2

59.8

59.2

433

661

433

69.8

70.0

57 j6

Total

1,196

31.6

59.1

573

42.1

6,495

40.9

65.4

66A

S4.9

Table A9. Mean WAF Scores on AQE Aptitude Composite* for Racial Subgioupt
and Total Sample by Enliitinent Region, 1973*

Rtclonef
CnllttRWNt

1 . ME, NH, VT. MA, RI. NY. CT

2. NJ,PA,DE,MD,WV,VA,DC

3. NC, SC, GA, FL, AL, MS, TN

4. AR,LA,0K,>JM,TX,A2

5. OH,IN,MI,IL,KY

6. WA, OR, CA, NV, ID, MT, UT, AL, HI

7. MO, lA. MN. ND, SD, KS, NE, CO, WY, WI

8. Other

Total

■tack

Non-auck

Total StmpM

N

Mmr

N

0 a^

N

Mmh

SD

^ ' ■ • ^^^^^^^^^^

109

29

16

880

41

19

989

39

19

212

32

17

828

39

19

1,040

38

19

359

31

18

897

39

19

1,256

37

19

203

30

18

772

40

20

975

38

20

191

35

19

1,204

42

18

1395

41

19

77

35

17

1,065

42

19

1.142

41

19

4S

24

15

838

43

18

883

42

18

0

0

0

11

40

18

11

40

18

1,196

6,495

7.691

Admintitntive

1 . ME, NH, VT, MA, RI, NY, CT

2. NJ, PA, DE, MD, WV, VA, DC

3. NC,SC,GA,FL,AL,MS,TN

4. AR,LA,OK,NM,TX,AZ

5. OH,IN,MI,IL,KY

6. WA, OR, CA, NV, ID, MT, UT, AL, HI

7. MO, lA, MN, ND, SD, KS, NE, CO, WY, WI

8. Other

Total

1 . ME. NH, VT, MA, RI, NY, CT

2. NJ,PA,DE,MD,WV,VA,DC

3. NC, SC. GA, FL, AL, MS, TN

4. AR,LA,OK,NM,TX,AZ

5. OH,IN,MI,IL,KY

6. WA, OR. CA. NV. ID, MT, UT, AL, Hi

7. MO, lA, MN. ND, SD, KS, NE, CO. WY, WI

8. Other

Total

1 . ME. NH. VT, MA, RI, NY. CT

2. NJ, PA, DE. MD, WV, VA, DC

3. NC, SC, GA, FL, AL, MS, TN

4. AR,LA,OK,NM,TX,AZ

5. 0H.IN.M1,IL,KY

6. WA, OR, CA. NV. ID. MT. UT, AL, HI

7. MO. lA. MN, ND. SD. KS, NE. CO. WY. WI

8. Other

Total

109

55

15

880

64

16

989

63

16

212

60

14

828

68

16

1.040

66

16

359

58

15

897

67

15

1.256

65

16

203

61

15

772

67

15

975

66

15

191

60

16

1.204

65

16

U9S

64

16

77

58

14

1,065

62

17

1,142

61

16

45

62

15

838

66

16

883

66

16

0

0

0

11

52

15

11

52

15

1.196

6,495

7,691

General

109

58

14

880

66

16

989

65

16

212

57

14

828

67

16

1.040

65

16

359

55

13

897

67

14

1.256

63

15

203

59

12

772

67

14

975

f»5

14

191

58

14

1.204

66

15

1395

-55

15

77

59

13

1.065

65

16

1,142

65

16

45

59

IS

838

67

16

883

67

16

0

0

0

11

57

12

n

57

12

1.196

6.495

7,691

Electronics

109 43

17

880

55

18

989

54

19

212 42

18

828

54

19

1.040

52

20

359 40

17

897

52

18

1.256

48

19

203 38

16

772

54

19

975

51

20

191 47

IS

1.203

56

17

1394

SS

17

77 47

17

1.065

55

19

1,14''

55

19

45 47

19

838

57

18

883

57

18

0 0

0

11

SO

21

11

50

21

1,196

6.495

7,691

'Meaiu and Standard Deviationa hare been rounded to nearest whole number.

ERIC

17